Toronto: Justice Denied

Is Toronto being taken over by hucksters,
fauxhemians, and the “knowledge economy”?
Contrary to the standard Machiavellian objection, justice of this sort is not antithetical to civic glory. Though a city in pursuit of glory may neglect justice, the opposite does not hold: a truly just city is always a glorious one, because it allows greatness even as it looks to the conditions of strangeness posed by the other. It does not oppose development, including grandiose development, for the sake of some cramped sense of its own modesty; but it does demand, over and over, that all development be, at some level, in the service of everyone. Such a city starts with you, on the street, lifting your gaze and looking, for once, into the face of that person passing. This urban gaze is not male, or female; it is not casual or demeaning; it is not totalizing; it is liberating. It’s the gaze that recognizes, in the other, a fellow citizen, which is to say one who has vulnerabilities, desires, and ideas, just as you do.

These thoughts have been themselves a deliberate exercise in conceptual flânerie. Sometimes you have to walk before you can run. Sometimes, too, walking, not getting there, is the real point. We have a choice before us. We can continue to congratulate ourselves on how interesting and vibrant and creative we — some of us — are. Or we can bend some of that intellectual energy to the hard task of asking what we — all of us — could be. The just city is a process, an emergent property of complexity, not a steady state or final outcome. Like the elusive object of the flâneur’s desire, it is always slipping around the next corner. Toronto, like any potentially great city, is always on the verge of it. That’s why we keep walking, looking, glancing, noticing — and talking, to one another, about what matters to us.

Mark Kingwell writes widely on culture and politics. His essay in this issue is included in the anthology Toronto: A City Becoming, edited by David Macfarlane, to be published in March by Key Porter Books.
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15 comment(s)

QuinnDecember 13, 2007 14:57 EST

Kingwell is clearly in command of the literature, writing in a style of "I am so smart I don't need to explain all these details". No doubt, I buy the argument—-it's persuasive and interesting. The story could go other ways though. The (obvious) story arc of the flâneur relies on Veblen, who relies on Whitehead's processes philosophy. I could see Deleuze's assemblages retaining the vitalism of the flânerie, but without the homogeneity that Kingwell inevitably espouses. What if we are only flâneur's in our own backyard—-that shit ghetto which results from hard work and systematic oppression?

IfLDecember 15, 2007 12:23 EST

What's that, Mark Kingwell? I can't quite hear you from the top of your ivory tower.

RGCBDecember 19, 2007 15:41 EST

Dear Dr. Kingwell,
I'm having trouble with the section of your essay that begins with "Well, who cares?". What question is never easy to answer? Is it 'what impact does the bohemian vs. bobo conflict have on a city's level of justice?' or is it 'are we all better off living in a Big Fusion city?'?
Also, I feel that in this section you've misinterpreted Jacobs' work. First, what she mocks (as Radiant Garden City Beautiful) is NOT suburban growth, but urban redevelopment. Secondly, she does NOT argue against urban planning (prescriptive, top-down, or otherwise) per se. Rather, she argues that the urban planning of the time (and I would argue still today) was dangerously wrong-headed, fundamentally misunderstanding 'the kind of problem a city is'.
Finally, I feel that you have not credited Jacobs for the idea that urban success can self-destruct due to its very success - that the rising rents due to the economic vibrancy created by urban diversity eventually kill-off much of the very diversity that sustained that vibrancy. Please re-read Chapter 13 (The self-destruction of diversity) of The Death and Life of Great American Cities, in it she suggests that the fundamental problem is not so much that 'success breeds success, then failure', but that there are so few successful areas at any one time; you should also note that in that chapter she describes the 'annexation by "inauthentic" moneyed-types' already occurring in the West Village when she was writing.

StaffDecember 20, 2007 12:42 EST

cpf - your comment was deleted at our editorial discretion; you are welcome to post again minus the personal attacks

SBDecember 28, 2007 21:25 EST

the last few sentences of the second-last paragraph look like they got garbled in the uploading stage.

SBDecember 29, 2007 16:47 EST

sorry — the fourth-to-last is the one that's garbled at the end, starting after the Chesterton quote.

Mark BourrieJanuary 07, 2008 20:18 EST

Kingwell's argument is beautifully written but self-defeating. Toronto may have more writers, artists and other deep thinkers than it had in 1980, but it has no Innis, Frye or McLuhan. What was once a centre of great quality is now swamped in quantity. The city is twice as large as it was in 1980, but the Globe is only half as good and that's sort of the norm for its institutions. Toronto has very much that's pseudo and very little that's authentic. It reminds me of some punk who has come into easy money, bought a 6,000 square foot monster house and stuffed its library with 5,000 beautiful hardcover books, all un-cracked. People in Toronto try hard to pretend they are more than money-grubbers and high-end wage serfs, but few truly good books come out of the place these days — certainly no grand ideas of the caliber of Innis, Frye or even McLuhan, its artists are still pushing the boho schtick they had in the late 1970s, and even its museum can no longer connect with any sort of real intellectual purpose.

AnonymousJanuary 08, 2008 09:04 EST


but isn't it refreshing—like a mint drink on a summer Sunday—to have somebody inspire the idea of a Just City?

I look forward to the book.

FloneJanuary 10, 2008 20:50 EST

Toronto culture. Really interesting to Torontonians, who go on about it at inordinate length. Not at all interesting to anyone else. This article is 4 pages too long.

AnonymousJanuary 10, 2008 21:59 EST

Yawn. Toronto is such an incredibly boring city, which makes its self-importance so utterly amusing. I moved away from Toronto (gasp! Leave a World Class City?) and haven't looked back since. The only people who think that Toronto is indeed a World Class City are the trapped residents who wished they lived in New York or London. This article is 5 pages too long.

Vancouver JaneJanuary 11, 2008 02:08 EST

The disease of disinterest is not unique to Toronto, or Canada. I moved west from Hamilton years ago, in part expecting to find a more dynamic exciting place where I could part of a new community and culture. What I found is an apple skin shallow identity of "west" built from pictures of mountains and big tex cowboy hats. Out here, we drive SUVs made in Ontario, eat food invented in Halifax, attend plays written in Winnipeg, listen to music from Montreal, and watch movies from the states.

Ken HuntJanuary 11, 2008 04:58 EST

A wonderfully written article, worthy of any great magazine in the world. Erudite, funny, hip. I despair for the day, and it will surely come, that we lose Mr. Kingwell to The New Yorker. Gladwell, Gopnik, Kingwell... man, that would be a murderers row of magazine writers.

Glen StoneJanuary 11, 2008 13:27 EST

So, let's see —

- The most diverse city on Earth with more than 200 ethnic groups and 180 languages
- The third largest theatre city on Earth, behind only New York and London
- Home to the best-educated workforce in the G-8 (some 57% of workers with a post-secondary degree)
- The safest large city in North America, despite the GTA being the fourth-largest urban region
- More than 100,000 immigrants a year from all over the world
- More major business clusters than you can shake a stick at ... 2nd largest in NA for automotive and financial, 3rd for IT and advanced manufacturing, etc.
- Regularly in the top handful of global cities in studies on the best places to live, work and do business

Gosh, what are we doing wrong?

Okay, so I work for the Toronto Board of Trade and we have Richard Florida speaking at our Annual Dinner January 28, so you can call me biased.

But the above facts are facts. Toronto IS a great global city. Yes, we have challenges and our economy and quality of life can always be improved, but we should be proud of this great city.

AnonymousJanuary 13, 2008 23:58 EST

So... is the injustice that Richard Florida is more influential? Is that what we're talking about here?

I'll never understand why anyone would want to suck on a sour grape!

cwApril 04, 2008 20:36 EST

what is your cliché, though, of gazing into the stranger's eyes? acknowledge the windows to the soul, etc. not only a tired prescription but a lousy assumption in the first place—we keep our heads bowed, blah, we're so callous, blah. do we actually, are we actually? on queen street? in richmond hill? at yonge/bloor station? come now, it's petty. you betray your own complexity: first you give us—quite beautifully—your tellingly fragmented experience as a journalist then you recede into the apparently homogeneous and removed perspective of the professor. awe and multiplicity turns into pure judgement, into the singular thesis. which is itself a cliché. now this is a shame, and does us no justice.

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