The Walrus Blog

The Unbalancing Act

How literary periodicals flail to correct gender inequity
Literary periodical coversCanadian Notes & Queries 80: The Gender Issue, Taddle Creek No. 26: Summer Issue, Granta 115: The F Word

If I were a man, and cared to know the world I lived in, I almost think it would make me a shade uneasy — the weight of that long silence of one half of the world.” — Elizabeth Robins, 1907

Recently Good Magazine published an article with a simple solution to inequity on conference panels. What if white men refused invitations to panels that don’t properly represent the diversity of their industries? The idea was so basic, yet I had never even considered it. Usually when I see five men on a magazine, marketing, tech or publishing panel, I criticize the organizers: “You couldn’t find a single woman?” I ask. It never occurred to me to question the participants.

Good broke it down:

“Why don’t the white men who are asked to engage in this nonsense simply stop doing it? The boycott is a protest with a long history of success. If white, male elites started saying, ‘I will not participate in your panel, event, or article if it is all about white men,’ chances are these panels and articles would quickly dry up — or become more diverse.”

But why not take this ingenious idea even further? Since literary publications so often struggle with gender disparity, in their contributor lists and mastheads, in the books they review and the viewpoints they include, why don’t men who consider themselves allies to equality simply refuse publication? Why doesn’t the “How do we fix this?” question include the responsibility of male writers, not just male editors, in its solution? Why shouldn’t writers cultivate a list of publications they will and won’t submit or pitch to on the basis of equity?

I realize publication is a holy grail of sorts for those early in their careers, and asking struggling up-and-comers, male or not, to refuse it is certainly a tall order — especially if it is a question of livelihood. But what of those in demand: writers who have the liberty, the privilege, and the means to publish where they like? Maybe it isn’t too novel a concept to have them recognize the glaring inequities of the literary publications that endeavour to include them, and in extreme cases say “no thanks.”

It’s no secret that literary periodicals are failing female writers. It seems they share a knack for siloing off women into special issues once a year, stuffing the contents with female experiences, concerns, and viewpoints, and then ignoring them the rest of the time. Literary editors commonly march out an occasional or annual gender issue, or a woman’s issue, or a feminism issue — or mistakenly assume the concepts are interchangeable. They wave around the lady issue as if to say “Look! We included you! Thank us!” but this only succeeds in making women’s writing, or issues of gender, a “special interest,” and shuts up any arguments to the contrary. The writing community is then forced to rehash the same gag-worthy conversations on mind-numbing repeat. Is feminism dead? Is feminism obsolete? Is women’s writing different from men’s writing? Have women achieved equality? Should we still be having this conversation? (No, no, no, no, and obviously yes, or you wouldn’t be reading this.)

Take, for example, Canadian Notes & Queries. Late last year, the publication devoted an entire issue to capital-G Gender (which oddly contained a piece, written by a man, titled “Behind Enemy Lines: My Life in an All-Women’s Book Club”). While you would assume CNQ’s study of gender would at the very least include a balance of voices, the issue had a rough count of eighteen male and seven female contributors. The journal’s following issue included writing by twenty-one men and three women, one of whom was Margaret Atwood.

Rather than gifting readers with an annual taste of women’s ideas, writing, and experiences in a male-dominated gender issue, wouldn’t it have been better for Canadian Notes and Queries to use its limited resources to consistently integrate female voices? A quick look at CNQ’s online list of contributors reveals that less than one out of every five are women. Of course, there may be many reasons for this beyond editorial discretion, including a simple lack of submissions or pitches, but it feels important to note that another venerable literary publication has no problems publishing gender-balanced issues. Toronto’s Taddle Creek, with a male editor at its helm, is about to launch a summer issue that has an equal split of female and male contributors, despite drawing from a smaller local talent pool. If that magazine can find equal talent in a single city, surely everyone else can find it across the country.

I realize that counting bylines only tells a part of the story, and that small, under-resourced Canadian publications are limited in their ability to outreach effectively, but when the gender disparity is so glaring, does it hurt to ask the question “What if some of those male contributors simply said no?” Are magazine issues devoted to women really the answer to our collective lack of attention to women’s writing — or is it time to move beyond that and question how government-funded publications can be allowed to consistently exclude women from their ranks?

On the other side of this argument lies the U.K.’s Granta, and the recent release of its “The F Word” issue, a tome dedicated to feminism and women’s writing on the topic, with 100 percent of its contributors female. (Incidentally, Granta, while not perfect on the gender equality front, actually fares better than most — 2010 saw it publish twenty-six women to forty-nine men overall.) And while I’m not an advocate for a “special issue” treatment of over half of the population, I would argue that this execution remains a valuable necessity of the current climate. Rather than simply paying lip service to the aforementioned concerns, Granta thoughtfully laid out a variety of viewpoints. There is practiced feminist ideology in its exclusively female issue, but also an additional dissection of women’s experiences, written in a style often missing from “serious” literary circles. The women who wrote for Granta’s F Word issue are writing their lives in a realm that so often excludes them, and despite the “special issue” silo, the result is refreshing and necessary.

So does the special women’s issue get us closer to or further away from equity? I suppose at the very least, its mere existence gets us talking about these concerns rather than blindly publishing, purchasing, and consuming literature without critique or question. It’s no secret that accusations of sexism make people defensive, and discussions around “affirmative action”–style editorial make people, especially editors, extremely anxious. All I know is that if, as a community, we actually care about our literature representing that long-silenced half, we have no choice but to talk about it without anger, and to be open to constructive, practical solutions. We have to resign ourselves to being uncomfortable.

Of course, glass houses: this very animal has its own history of gender disparity, and is certainly imperfect on that front. Successfully including female voices is a long process wrought with myriad forces. At times it’s thankless work, and it’s very likely work that a publication’s readership will never see. Real progress is nothing more than the willingness to acknowledge, discuss, and engage with the issues without resentment. Eventually, issue by issue, the bylines balance, and the publication becomes better for it.

Ultimately, what editors and publishers do with their own magazines — whether they choose to deliberately publish women as an attempt to combat sexism, or keep taking on what they refer to as “the best writing” regardless of gender — is their own business. But supporters, readers, and writers also have the ability and responsibility to decide, and people who truly love literature should encourage them to do so.

And maybe, like Good suggests, it’s time for the men to make some room — for no other reason than their own volition.

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  • Evan

    This is a great idea, but I think it would be rather difficult in practice. In the case of panels, you often know beforehand who else is on the panel and could respectfully decline for reasons of gender/cultural imbalance. But — and correct me if I’m wrong — usually writers don’t know who else will be published with them until the journal or magazine hits newsstands. But I suppose writers could ask editors who else will be published in the issue upon acceptance.

  • Becky T.

    Stacey,

    This is a wonderful article, and I applaud so many of the points you bring to light. I have been thinking about this a great deal lately, and am often uncomfortable with any solution that relies simply on editors trying to include more women. This attempt at change, while a good one, seems to me only a superficial one, as if editors will now need to be strong-armed into fulfilling quotas based less on artistic merit than on author by-line.

    I totally agree with you that writers who have a fair amount of power and leverage in the system ought to share the wealth, either by boycotting particular venues or actively supporting journals that practice greater equality.

    But. It is such a difficult thing to ask. Almost akin to asking bankers who received their big bonuses to give some of their money away to people whose homes have been foreclosed upon. Yes, this makes sense to anyone who is angered over social injustice/inequality. But would anyone with wealth and power actually ever volunteer to give their wealth and power away? And for what–abstract notions of equality and justice?

    I think in order for this to work, the writers with power (the white ones, the male ones, the well-published ones, the well-paid ones–if such a thing still exists!) will need to have some concrete incentives to forego their privilege. For example, a decline in readership of a magazine that doesn’t represent diversity, a decline in attendance at a conference that doesn’t represent equal participants, no attendance at a reading where the forum has been consistently sexist/racist. Until people can see that sharing their privilege with others (whether that privilege is wealth or prestige) is, in fact, in their own best interest, it will be very difficult to ask that they simply give up their power for the sake of abstract notions of equality. (Not to mention, most people who have power/wealth do not perceive themselves as having any at all, or having “enough,” so it’s almost impossible to ask them to step aside for others!)

    Anyway. This is a long comment to your wonderful article. Thanks for posting. Please keep the conversation alive.

    Becky
    Founding Editor
    http://www.TheReviewReview.net

  • http://www.facebook.com/mkallet Marilyn Kallet

    A timely and thoughtful essay; I’ll reread it and share it with others.

  • Jdmpc

    Women are not the only group discriminated against in academia. What about adjuncts and fulltime nontenure track folk?

  • Caylan

    When I read, I’m concerned with the writer’s ideas, not with what happens to be between their legs.

    Publications should print the best submissions they receive. If all those submissions happen to be written by men, so be it. If they all happen to be written by women, so be it. If they all happen to be written by purple racoons with forked tails, so be it.

  • Bob Armstrong

    Ms Fowles’s Proposal is too Modest. Surely a more judicious Solution to this vexing Surfeit of Male Sriveners would be to cull the Herd and use the Carcasses for some beneficial Purpose, rendering them for Lamp-oil or nourishing the Destitute & Indigent, perhaps. 

  • http://staceymayfowles.com/?p=413 Stacey May Fowles » Some Recent Work

    [...] Over at The Walrus, The Unbalancing Act: How Literary Periodicals Fail to Correct Gender Inequity [...]

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    As a contributing editor and former reviews editor at CNQ, I’d just like to say that another solution, besides men saying no, is women saying yes. When I was assigning reviews, most of the people who turned down invitations to write were women. Most of the people who accepted assignments and then failed to submit copy were also women. Why this is, I don’t know, but it was so. The vast majority of the people who approached me about writing reviews were men; off-hand, I can think of only one woman, Catherine Owen, who cold-called looking for work. I gave it to her. As a volunteer editor, I wasn’t about to double my workload by trying to achieve a 50/50 split. CNQ is a criticism-heavy journal and there are, for whatever reason, far more men interested in writing essay-length reviews than there are women. Comparing us with Taddle Creek is silly, because the nature of the two magazines’ content is vastly different. Lies, damn lies, statistics.

    Some real context is needed by way of contrast. CNQ is published by the same press that has given its annual short fiction award/book contract to Patricia Young, Kathleen Winter, Rebecca Rosenblum, Amy Jones and Claire Tacon. Only one man, A.J. Somerset, has won the prize. Obviously, this is a publisher more interested in good writing than in writing by men. So let’s look at who’s _not_ writing and pitching–and editing, for that matter; getting women on our masthead is no easier than getting them to write for us–rather than assume that a bunch of people who do volunteer work constitute some kind of exclusive boys’ club, shall we? 

    Best regards,

    Zachariah Wells (Atlantic Canadian of Hebraic extraction)

  • JH

    Z: How about looking at what systemic inequalities exist that might create barriers to more women pitching to write for you?

  • Kerry Clare

    Earlier this year, the editor of CNQ Alex Good contacted me and asked to write a feature for the magazine, probably not because I am a woman, but I think it’s significant that he went out of his way to ask a woman writer to contribute. At this point, however, I nearly became the writer Zach Wells mentions, turning down invitations to write, partly because the exclusive boys club is really intimidating even if they’re asking one to join. Partly also because there is a combative tone to many pieces in the magazine that isn’t my thing, I knew I couldn’t produce it. But then it became clear to me that I was being completely ridiculous, impossible, and was therefore part of the VIDA count problem as much as anything, and that if an editor is going out of his way to ask a woman to write, the least I could do was go out of my way to be a little bit brave. My essay will be coming out in the fall issue of CNQ.

    I’m not saying the systemic problem is women’s fault, but in this particular case, the problem was my fault. I applaud the women writers who are nervier than I am– you are my inspiration, I’m going to be you one day (and slowly, I’m getting there).

    I think, however, that my example might serve to illuminate some editors as to what’s going on with those women who turn down invitations to write, and that it might inspire them to reach out to women writers anyway in the way that Alex Good did. I think that many of us some kind of role to play in being part of the solution.

  • Panic

    ZW,
    If I understand it, submitting to CNQ doesn’t pay?  Does it occur to you that working for free is a luxury that fewer women than men have?  You talk about doubling your workload, but what if you started off with a double workload?  Would you still volunteer your time and effort?  I bet just as many women as men are interested in writing essay-length reviews; check out your local undergrad English lit class.  Saying “Oh they just must not want to” is a lazy way to get out of looking at the issues around the lack of women in CNQ, or any other magazine.

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    I’m an editor, not a sociologist. The barriers to pitching CNQ are lower for women than they are for men, for the same reason that it’s easier for a female science teacher to get a job than an equally qualified man: there just aren’t enough.

  • Panic

    “it’s easier for a female science teacher to get a job than an equally qualified man”
    Wow, seriously? 

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Yep, my wife’s a teacher. A female elementary school teacher, with no special qualifications (French, special needs). As such, she is at a disadvantage. Men have a much better chance of getting a full time teaching job in elementary schools, because the vast majority of lower grade teachers are female. For the same reason, women who teach high school math and science are in a much better position. This is a fact. Ask some teachers.

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Most students of either sex in undergrad lit classes are writing essays because they have to, not because they want to. As a matter of fact, I had to quit editing reviews for CNQ because my non-CNQ workload–the money that keeps my family housed and fed–doubled. Everyone works hard.

  • Panic

    Last I checked, an English B.A. wasn’t a life-or-death thing.

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    No, but essays are a pass or fail thing. Most people get into English BA’s for the reading and discussion, not for 1500 word papers on Fielding’s use of irony.

  • Panic

    At least not the girls AMIRTIE?

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Look, all I have to go on here is my experience. While I was reviews editor, I had all kinds of dudes asking me for work. I turned down most of them because we already had lots of better qualified male reviewers on board. I had, as I said, 1 woman ask me for work–one with very little previous reviewing experience. She wrote two pieces for us during my tenure. Men were batting around .200, women 1.000. Not looking for a medal, just would appreciate not being slandered because of ignorance of the easily learned fact that we are more open to pitches from women than from men. Don’t ask me why we get so many fewer from women. I expect it has more to do with the broader culture than with our litmag–(Surprise!) –altho Kerry makes some interesting observations below. I didn’t get into the literary life to solve the First World’s problems. It’s a lousy place from which to accomplish that. AMIRITE?

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    The problem isn’t lack of reaching out, tho, Kerry. I never gave up on women reviewers as a group, but I had to give up on many individual women as reviewers because they said no or because, after many nudges, they failed to turn in copy. When someone indicates that they’re not interested in writing for me, I stop asking them, regardless of sex.

  • Darryl Whetter

    Sigh: so Canada’s lethally anemic review and crit. culture is to hobble itself further. Don’t, you criminal males, have ideas and share them (for freelance wages that are lower–not just in relative terms–now than they were thirty years ago). Don’t care about literature. Whatever you do, don’t transform decades of writing and reading into essays and articles that–please no–might benefit other thinkers. 

  • Panic

    I completely agree it’s the broader culture.  In fact, I think I encouraged you to look at that broader culture instead of just accepting that the current state of affairs, and throwing it back at the ladies because “that’s just how it is.”  Saying it’s not your responsibility because you work for a litmag doesn’t fly; it’s everyone’s responsibility if we’re going to move forward.  Hell, I’d say literature has a pretty huge opportunity to change the world.  If only the status quo weren’t so darn easy.  That is the point of Stacey’s piece.

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Sure it flies. It’s not an editor’s job to create writers that don’t exist, or to coax writers into writing something they show no interest in. It’s an editor’s job to curate whatever content comes his or her way. The ed. board at CNQ has made concerted efforts to get more women writing for us. It’s not our fault if it’s not working all that well and having the men who will write for us start refusing ain’t going to fix anything. That is where Stacey’s point misses the bullseye. (It also fails to hit the broad side of a walrus…)

  • Kerry Clare

    For some editors, the problem *is* lack of reaching out. The problem is editors who fail to recognize that having 95% male contributors is even a problem. To those who recognize and do their part to rectify, however, I am grateful, and it’s the beginning of something better than what we have going on right now.

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Unfortunately, abstract theoretical editors weren’t the subject of Stacey’s post.

  • http://www.facebook.com/people/Beverly-Akerman/674234855 Beverly Akerman

    maybe women just have better things to do with their time than review for your magazine. for nothing.

  • Pedro

    “I think, however, that my example might serve to illuminate some editors as to what’s going on with those women who turn down invitations to write …”   But why are “invitations” necessary? And why do men get blamed for women’s reluctance to simply get out there and submit stuff? 

  • Pedro

    But not better things to do than complain about the magazines they have better things to do than write for? 

  • Ross

    Thanks, Zach, for getting more people to read this. What I
    find interesting about the women who write these types of indignant articles is
    how their dogma forces them to seriously consider ridiculous notions like
    having men unilaterally refuse opportunities to get published, while rendering them
    incapable of appreciating irony or humour. Or being able to read, for that matter.
    For example, I figured the “Behind Enemy Lines” article in CNQ had to be satirical.
    I looked it up and guess what? It’s a funny piece that takes the exact opposite
    view of Stacey May Fowles about the gender situation, while in the end listing
    a bunch of “enemy” writers the author admires. Fowles obviously didn’t bother
    to read the piece, but instead reads a title like “Behind Enemy Lines” and
    thinks it’s actually meant to be taken without irony. 

  • Kerry Clare

    I’m glad it all seems so simple to you, Pedro. I envy you the comfort of your world view.

  • Hugh

    Simple or complicated, writing is hard and submitting takes guts. Believe it or not, this applies to everyone. And isn’t there something weird about Fowles’ proposal, in that instead of putting the burden where it rightly lies, on women to write and get published, women instead are to be dependent on men to turn down opportunities in the name of gender equity? Isn’t this weirdly anti-feminist, to willingly put yourself in a position where you are more, not less, dependent on men to get ahead? Are women actually comfortable with this idea? 

  • Becky T

    For anyone who’s interested, we just posted an interview with Stacey about this article, and other things, here.

    http://www.thereviewreview.net/interviews/how-do-we-fix

    Cheers,
    Becky

  • F2

    Maybe they’re turning down the offers because it’s YOU, Z.

  • F2

    Maybe they’re turning down the offers because it’s YOU, Z.

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Glad to see you taking a small step towards correcting the glaring gender imbalance in your interview section…

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Glad to see you taking a small step towards correcting the glaring gender imbalance in your interview section…

  • http://www.zachariahwells.blogspot.com Zachariah Wells

    Glad to see you taking a small step towards correcting the glaring gender imbalance in your interview section…

  • Danielle

    Thank you for this thoughtful post, Stacey! 

    To the commenters: blaming the submissions piles or women’s submission tactics for the lack of parity is rather an easy out that lends us to repeat the same dull editorial mistakes. As someone who has edited for a number of literary journals large & small, and studied the literary gender gap for several years, I write about it in greater detail here: http://www.montevidayo.com/?p=1521
    Also, to the commenters who want to see the “best” work selected, how do you suppose we determine what work is “best?” Do you suppose it happens objectively in a gender-free vacuum, or that across the board men really are much “better” writers than women? Or that men submit consistently “better” work? What do you mean by that? I address this, too, as do many other members of the literary community. 

  • http://htmlgiant.com/roundup/late-afternoon-links/ Late Afternoon Links | HTMLGIANT

    [...] May Fowles suggests that one way to address the gender imbalance in literary publishing is for men to stop submitting [...]

  • http://downtherabbit.wordpress.com/ Holdingmytongue

    Women should try using male pen names.  Then revealing their gender after publication.

  • http://www.facebook.com/lauraleeauthor Laura Lee

    But seriously, there are writers with power?  I don’t know any.  Fiction and poetry writers trying to get into a literary journal?  Not my idea of an advantaged class. 

  • http://odourless.wordpress.com Odourless Press

    Not sure which literary publications you’ve been reading, but most of the one’s I encounter feature as many, if not often more women than men in their pages.

    Wouldn’t a truly progressive article argue in favour of hiring the BEST applicable PERSON? As opposed to drawing clear gender lines and asking men to do “their part” by refusing a job they likely worked hard to get…


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